THE HIGHEST CASTE ON THE DEFENDANT'S SEAT:: Comparative institutional analysis of jurisdictional privileges in Latin American countries.

Tassiana Moura de Oliveira; José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto; Ana Tereza Duarte Lima Barros

doi:10.25247/2764-8907.2023.v2n2.p28-49

Autores/as

Tassiana Moura de Oliveira University at Albany, SUNY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-8411
José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto Universidade Católica de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-856X
Ana Tereza Duarte Lima Barros Universidade Federal de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-3692

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25247/2764-8907.2023.v2n2.p28-49

Palabras clave:

Jurisdictional privileges, comparative research, empirical research, Latin America, QCA

Resumen

After the end of colonial periods, many Latin American countries struggled with authoritarian regimes. Most of these countries experienced waves of authoritarianism followed by democratic moments during the last century. For that reason, democratic institutions were built under the imminent threat of a coup d’état. To ensure that presidents would not be persecuted for political reasons, Brazil has established that its Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) would be the only court with powers to judge presidents (except impeachment cases), federal deputies, and senators, amongst other higher authorities. Based on the Brazilian example, this work seeks to understand if other Latin American countries also offer the same protection to their authorities and why. What are the factors that influence the existence of jurisdictional privilege? Furthermore, what does influence the extent of the privilege given to more or fewer authorities? This research used a multi-method approach to present and analyze the institutional phenomenon of jurisdictional privilege. First of all, exploratory and descriptive comparative research was carried out from Latin American constitutional texts to identify where jurisdictional privileges are present and their respective amounts. Then, a quantitative analysis applied statistical tests to the variables included in the research database, to check possible correlations between institutional quality indexes and the variation in the number of representative categories of political authorities benefiting from the privilege of jurisdiction. Finally, this work performed a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to describe the logical relationship between the variables in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of the phenomenon under study. Keywords: Latin America; institutional comparative analysis; Supreme Courts; jurisdictional privilege; empirical approach.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Tassiana Moura de Oliveira, University at Albany, SUNY

Doutora em Ciência Política pela UFPE. Lecturer no Department of Latin-american and Caribbean Studies da State University of New York at Albany. Pesquisadora pós-doutoral no Centro Brasileiro de Análises e Planejamento (Cebrap).
José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco

Doutor em Ciência Política (UFPE) e Mestre em Direito Público (UFPE). Professor no PPGD da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP). Advogado e Cientista Político.
Ana Tereza Duarte Lima Barros, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Doutoranda e Mestre em Ciência Política pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Bolsista de doutorado da Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (Facepe).

Referencias

AGUIAR, J. C. de; OLIVEIRA, J. P. L. O fim do foro especial por prerrogativa de função. Revista de Informação Legislativa, v. 55, n. 217, p. 115-134, 2018.

ARANTES, R. B. Ministério Público na Fronteira entre a Justiça e a Política. Justitia, v. 64, n.197, 325-335, 2007.

AVRITZER, L. Democracia na América Latina: da inovação institucional ao velho problema do equilíbrio entre os poderes. Revista USP, n. 109, p. 75-86, 22 nov. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.usp.br/revusp/article/view/123144. Acesso em: 15 de jun. 2020.

BANDEIRA, J. V. V. M. Entre a Politização e o Autocentramento: Os Efeitos do Recrutamento Judicial na Argentina e no Chile. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, IFCH, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Política, 2017.

BERNARDI, B. B. O sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e a justiça de transição no Peru. Rev. Sociol. Polit., Curitiba, v. 23, n. 54, p. 43-68, jun, 2015.

BOLÍVIA. Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) de 7 de Febrero de 2009. Disponível em: https://www.oas.org/dil/esp/constitucion_bolivia.pdf. Acesso em: 15 de jun. 2020.

BRINKS, Daniel M.; LEVITSKY, Steven; MURILLO, Maria Victoria. Understanding institutional weakness: power and design in Latin American institutions. Cambridge University Press, 2019.

CHAVEZ, Rebecca Bill. The Rule of Law in Nascent Democracies: Judicial Politics in Argentina. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004a.

CHAVEZ, Rebecca Bill. The evolution of Judicial Autonomy in Argentina: Establishing the Rule of Law in an Ultrapresidential System. Journal of Latin American Studies. Vol. 36, N. 3, 451-78, 2004b.

ENGELMANN, F.; BANDEIRA J. V. V. M.. A Construção da Autonomia Política do Judiciário na América Latina: Um Estudo Comparado entre Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e Venezuela. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 60, no 4, 2017, pp. 903 a 936.

FINKEL, Jodi S. Judicial Reform as Insurance Policy Argentina, Peru, and Mexico in the 1990s. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.

FREEDOM HOUSE. Global Free Status, 2022. Disponível em: https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map?type=fiw&year=2023 . Acesso em: 22 de maio de 2022.

GINSBURG, Tom. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

GOMES NETO, J. M. W.; CARVALHO, E. Praetors Condemning the Caste? The Performance of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the Judgment of the" Privileged Forum". Braz. J. Empirical Legal Stud., v. 8, p. 1, 2021.

HELMKE, Gretchen. Courts under Constraints: Judges, Generals, and Presidents in Argentina. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

HILBINK, L. Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

HUNEEUS, A.. Rejecting the Inter-American Court: Judicialization, National Courts, and Regional Human Rights. In: COUSO, Javier; HUNEEUS, Alexandra; SIEDER, Rachel (Eds.). Cultures of legality: judicialization and political activism in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

LANDRY, Pierre. The Institutional Diffusion of Courts in China: Evidence from Survey Data. In: GINSBURG, Tom and MOUSTAFA, Tamir (ed.) Rule of Law: The Politics of Court in Authoritarian Regimes, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

LEVIN, J.; FOX, J. A.; FORDE, D. R. Elementary Statistics in Social Sciences. 12th ed. Boston, Pearson, 2014.

MALAN, D. Competência penal “ratione funcionae” do STF. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Criminais, v. 106, p. 113-135, 2014.

MOUSTAFA, Tamir; GINSBURG, Tom. Introduction: The functions of courts in authoritarian politics. Rule by law: The politics of courts in authoritarian regimes, v. 1, p. 27, 2008.

O'DONNELL, Guillermo. Another institutionalization: Latin America and elsewhere. 1996.

RAGIN, C. The comparative method. Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. Berkeley, Los Angeles e Londres, University of California Press, 1987.

RAGIN, C.; RIHOUX, B. Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques. Thousand Oaks, SAGE, 2009.

RAMSEYER, J. Mark. The Puzzling (In)dependence of Courts: A Comparative Approach. Journal of Legal Studies Vol. 23, N. 2, 721-47, 1994.

RÍOS-FIGUEROA, J. Fragmentation of Power and the Emergence of an Effective Judiciary in Mexico, 1994–2002. Latin American Politics and Society, v. 49, n. 1, p. 31-57, 2007.

TAVARES FILHO, N.. Foro privilegiado: pontos positivos e negativos. Brasília, Consultoria Legislativa da Câmara dos Deputados, 2016.

TÁVORA, N.; ALENCAR, R. R.. Curso de direito processual penal. Salvador, Juspodivm, 2012.

TOURINHO FILHO, F. da C. Processo penal. São Paulo, Saraiva, 2013.

TRUJILLO, H. Conflictos políticos y Poder Judicial (1985-2006): la judicialización de la política en Uruguay. Montevideo, Ediciones Universitarias, 2013.

V-DEM. Varieties of Democracy. Disponível em: https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ Acesso: 22 de maio de 2022.

WORLD BANK. Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2020. Disponível em: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators . Acesso em: 22 de maio de 2022.